How to distinguish between a sedimentation centrifuge and a filtration centrifuge?
A sedimentation centrifuge uses the centrifugal force generated by high-speed rotation to cause denser solid particles to settle to the inner wall of the drum, while the less dense liquid is discharged as clarified liquid from the other end. Sedimentation centrifuges achieve solid-liquid separation, and even three-phase separation (solid-liquid-liquid), through density differences. They have no drum perforations and no filter cloth.
A filtration centrifuge has perforated basket walls and is equipped with a filter cloth . Under high-speed centrifugal force, the liquid passes through the filter cloth and basket perforations and is thrown out of the basket, while the solid material remains inside.
Sedimentation centrifuges are used for finer materials with small particle diameters, materials that are sticky and difficult to separate, and are prone to clogging the screen. Examples include sludge dewatering, solid-liquid separation of biological fermentation broth, juice clarification, and oil purification. Sedimentation centrifuges include horizontal screw discharge sedimentation centrifuges (horizontal screw) and disc centrifuges.
Filtration centrifuges are used for materials with larger particles (generally > 10 micrometers) that are less likely to clog the filter cloth. The advantages are low crystal moisture content and a crisp, dry filter cake. Applications include pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and fragrances. Filtration types include flat-plate hanging bag centrifuges, flat-plate automatic bag unloading centrifuges, and scraper automatic unloading centrifuges.
In short, sedimentation relies on density separation, while filtration relies on filter screen interception. For fine materials that are prone to screen clogging and have high viscosity, a sedimentation centrifuge is a suitable choice. For coarser particles, more crystals, and a drier discharge, a filtration centrifuge is preferable.
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